TOEFL Writing Studying - Integrated Task
Integrated Task 综合写作
考试形式
Directions 1min
Reading 3 min 230-300 words 学术类文字,一般2-4段。
Listening 2min
Writing 20min
应试方法
找到3个观点 a 找例子,b 找原因 c 找结构性连词
a 找例子出现的标志:For example /take /for example/ Actually /Typically /Espically/Suppose
b 找原因出现的标注:Because/since/as/for,The reason why, thanks to , on account of.
c 找结构性连词:
* 表示结果的连词:so, therefore, accordingly, consequently
* 表示让步和转折的连词: However, nevertheless, still ,yet, in spite of
* 表示对照的连词: on the contrary, in contrast ,by contrast
* 表示条件的连词:if, unless, in case, on condition
How to express
a 开头段,表明听力和阅读的关系,摆出阅读和听力的中心论点,引出下文3个观点。
Sample: The reading passage contends that(the main idea of reading). However, In the lecture , the professor argues that(the main idea of lecture). Therefore ,the lecture completely refutes the passage.
备用句式 :
1)The professor totally disagrees with the idea of reading passage.
2)The professor's lecture casts doubt on the reading. cast doubt on: 质疑
3)The lecture provides the opposite opinion concerning what the reading offered.
4)The lecture contradicts the ideas stated in the reading material.
b 主题部分: 写三段 ,每段都要一对一阐述,lecture三点是如何反驳Reading三点的。 每段结构:
句式1: 阅读的分论断+阅读的细节
句式2: 听力的分论点+听力的细节
1)The reading states that……, On the contrary, the lecture contents that……
2)Although it is said in the passage that, The lecture hold the idea that.
3)The passage states that…… ,however, professor offers a different idea about.
4)The reading state that... , whereas ,the professor in the lecture believes that.
5)The passage argues that... , However , the speaker points that.
练习
The Reading passage contends that the nature of human being and animals are alstruistic. However, in the lecture, the professor argues that human being and animals only do things that can bring them some benefis. Therefore ,the lecture contradicts the ideas stated in the reading material.
Firstly, the lecture refutes the fact that meerkats are altruistic in the sense that they sacrifice food to assist other members of their group. In fact, reseaches have shown that they eat before they stand guard and have a full stomach.
Secondly, contrary to the belief in the passage that sentinels risk their lives for the cause of the whole group , the prefessor says that the sentinel meerkats actually have a better chance of escaping from danger because they witness it first. The alarm sentinels give off causes to group to move quickly which draws the predator's attention towards them,thus allowing sentinels to survive.
Furthermore, Professor also offers a different idea about the statement that people's acts such as donating an organ or sharing food with someone in need are altruistc. She says that people gain apprecaition and approval as a result of such acts, which may be deemed more important than material rewards by some people.
精彩句子
1. According to the International Mineralogical Association, 4,000 minerals have been identified to date. Only about 150 of them are plentiful, and about 50 are classified as "occasional." The remainder are rarely found, some consisting of only small grain of rock.
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